They are the basis of numerous applied and fundamental studies, such as cavity qed, photonics and sensing. Microcrystallites are promising minute mirrorless laser sources. Remote control of chemistry in optical cavities traditionally, the catalyst binds to its substrate to enhance chemical reactivity. We have measured quality factors as high as 4000 for cavity resonances at 1. The editors have selected leading scientists who have made seminal contributions in different aspects of optical processes in microcavities. Optical mode properties of 2d deformed microcavities. Whispering gallery modes are observed in the photoluminescence spectra from the rolledup nanomembranes, and their spectral peak positions shift significantly when measurements. Handbook of optical microcavities crc press book an optical cavity confines light within its structure and constitutes an integral part of a laser device. Microcavities are semiconductor, metal, or dielectric structures providing optical confinement in one, two or three dimensions. New, nonlinear sources using highq microcavities kerry vahala. Integration of quasitwodimensional 2d films of metalchalcogenides in optical microcavities permits new photonic applications of these materials. Schematic of two closely located microcavities together with the. Optical microcavities have been proposed as a powerful method to achieve labelfree detection of single molecules because the resonant recirculation of light within a microcavity allows the light to sample target molecules many more times 1821. Here we present tunable microcavities with monolayer mos2 or few monolayer gase films.
Symmetry, degeneracy and optical confinement of modes in coupled resonators 2 xp yp xl yl. Unlike traditional gas lasers, semiconductor lasers are invariably much smaller in dimensions, making optical confinement more critical than ever. The proposed system exploits the high second order nonlinear optical response of gan due to the non centrosymmetric crystalline structure of this material. Despite of very small volume, wgm optical microcavities can store high energy due to the minimum reflection losses inside the cavity. Single nanoparticle detection using optical microcavities. Lowthreshold parametric oscillation in organically. Ray optics and optical instruments 311 this case is to be taken as normal to the tangent to surface at the point of incidence. This cited by count includes citations to the following articles in scholar. Enhanced nonlinear optics in photoniccrystal microcavities. Optical microcavities have attracted tremendous interest in both fundamental and applied research in the past few decades, thanks to their small footprint, easy integrability, and high quality factors. Ganalgan microcavities for enhancement of non linear optical. We have already studied that the geometric centre of a spherical mirror is called its pole while. Since 20 he has also served as the executive officer of the department of applied physics and materials science at caltech vahala studies the physics and applications of photonic devices called optical.
The ones marked may be different from the article in the profile. Evidence for intrinsic kerr bistability of highq microsphere. In recent decades, various fabrication techniques of microcavities with higher quality factors q and smaller mode volumes v m have been developed, pushing forward studies from fundamental. Jul 27, 2015 this video briefly summarizes my work during the 2015 optics in the city of light reu program in paris. This work was completed with the support and funding. The large circulating intensity within the cavity results in strong lightmatter interaction, giving rise to kerr parametric oscillations for comb generation. Rolledup optical microcavities with subwavelength wall. Microtoroids, used throughout my thesis work, belong to the category of surfacetensioninduced microcavities that have proved to provide the highest quality factors to date. Subtle difference in optical absorption between d 2 o and h 2 o is magnified due to light circulation in cavity.
For the measured photoluminescence pl spectrum fig. Energy coupling through the small gap in optical microcavities. They can, for example, modify the spatial distribution of radiation power, change the spectral width of the emitted light, and enhance or suppress the spontaneous emission rate. Multimodal optical microcavities for loss avoidance jeffrey m. Microtubular optical microcavities from rolledup ring resonators with subwavelength wall thicknesses have been fabricated by releasing prestressed siosio 2 bilayer nanomembranes from photoresist sacrificial layers.
The former type is a standing wave cavity, and the latter is a traveling wave cavity. This book addresses the large variety of optical phenomena taking place in confined solid state structures. Benson, senior member, ieee, phillip sewell, senior member, ieee, and alexander i. Devices based on optical microcavities are already indispensable for a wide range of applications and studies. Optical microcavities confine light at resonant frequencies for extended periods of time and fundamentally alter the interaction of light with matter. The frequency shift has been observed in several microcavity systems.
The resonant quality is described by the cavity q factor that is defined as 2. This can make extremely fast electricallycontrolled optical amplifiers as well as spin switches. Sawdriven optical microcavities for device applications. Microcavities are wavelengthsized optical cavities that trap light at specific wavelengths. High sensitivity nanoparticle detection using optical. Nosich, fellow, ieee abstracttransformation of the whisperinggallery wg modes in imperfect twodimensional square. Supplementary material of stokes solitons in optical microcavities qifan yang. Of all resonant geometries, surface tensioninduced microcavities, such as silica microspheres, exhibit the highest qfactor to date of. Lasing, stimulated raman scattering, coherent antistokes raman scattering and coherent raman mixing were studied for droplets in air.
Pdf ultrasmall mode volumes in dielectric optical microcavities. Like a tuning fork for light, optical resonators have a characteristic set of frequencies at which it is possible to confine light waves. We observe significant modification of spectral and temporal properties of photoluminescence pl. Because it was suspected that the traces of unconjugated f.
Optical microcavities have a wide range of applications and are used for fundamental studies, such as strongcoupling cavity quantum electrodynamics, enhancement and suppression of spontaneous emission, novel light sources, and dynamic filters in optical communication vahala, 2003. Optical modes in 2d imperfect square and triangular. Flagand, and kerry vahalaa,2 adepartment of applied physics, mc 12895, california institute of technology, pasadena, ca 91125. One of their most dramatic potential features is thresholdless lasing. Highqualityfactor algaas optical microcavities for. Here, we theoretically design an optical cavitybased quantum device that allows the photoexcitation of a remote catalyst in one cavity to in. Optical microcavities in condensed matter systems sciencedirect. For example, in a simple optical waveguide sensor, the input light has only one opportunity to.
Here, a perturbed lagrangian approach is used to derive simple analytical expressions for the sfs and the soliton. A variety of luminescent organic compounds have been exploited along this. The wisconsin alumni research foundation warf is seeking commercial partners interested in developing a method for tuning the resonance frequencies of ultrahighquality factor toroidal optical microcavities. Schwefel 4 1 department of engineering science and physics, college of staten island, cuny, staten island, new york 10314, usa.
The total losses in the cavity are often measured by the q value which is 2yc times the number of optical cycles required for the optical energy to fall to 1e of its initial value. Highquality factor optical microcavities using oxide apertured micropillars. Pl is emitted in spectrally narrow and wavelengthtunable. We propose a novel approach in optical trapping exploiting mesoscopic photonic crystal microcavities. Polaritons are a mixture of photons and semiconductor excitons that display different properties from either the. Optical microcavities are structures that enable confinement of lightto microscale volumes. Highqualityfactor algaas optical microcavities for atomic cs and semiconductor quantum dot cavity qed experiments. They are studied in many fields, but are especially well known in optics on account of the relative ease of their formation and control in optical. Emission patterns of optical microcavities youtube. High affinity binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate to. Vahala california institute of technology, mail stop 12895, pasadena, california 91125, usa email. Dissipative kerr cavity solitons experience a socalled selffrequency shift sfs as a result of raman interactions.
Quality factor q is a measure of optical loss in microcavities and determines the extent of temporal confinement of optical filed in these structures. The long, energystorage time and small form factor of these ultrahighq uhq resonators enable access to an amazingly wide range of nonlinear phenomena and creation of laser devices with remarkable properties. Wade 1, roy meade 3, ofer teharzahav 4, zvi sternberg 4, vladimir stojanovi. Enhanced nonlinear optics in photoniccrystal microcavities jorge bravoabad, alejandro rodriguez, peter bermel, steven g. These structures enable one to control the optical emission properties of materials placed inside them. Optical processes in microcavities advanced series in. Optical microcavities are resonators that have at least one dimension on the order of a single optical wavelength. Optical microcavities have attracted strong research interests, for their unique property of confining photons for a long time in small volumes, which significantly enhances lightmatter interaction. Optical processes in microcavities a new generation of optical microresonators is making possible the exploration of quantum electrodynamic phenomena in condensed matter systems and providing microlasers with a wide range of potential applications. Multimodal optical microcavities for loss avoidance.
The universal importance of these structureshas made them indispensable to a wide range of fields. Giant optical nonlinearities from rydberg excitons in. Microcavities can be made nearly lossless by using high rcflectivity mirrors as well as controlling the material losses and the scattering from optical imperfections. Chois excellent handbook of optical microcavities is particularly timely. Of all resonant geometries, surface tensioninduced microcavities, such as.
Symmetry, degeneracy and optical confinement of modes in. Vahala is the ted and ginger jenkins professor of information science and technology and professor of applied physics at the california institute of technology caltech. An optical microcavity or microresonator is a structure formed by reflecting faces on the two sides of a spacer layer or optical medium, or by wrapping a waveguide in a circular fashion to form a ring. Liquid optical microcavities sustaining whispering gallery modes wgm have been first experimentally investigated in the 80s. Optical microcavities confine light to small volumes by resonant recirculation. Abdelsalam school of chemistry, university of southampton, southampton so17 1bj, uk received january 15, 2004. This confinement allows photons trapped in the microcavity to strongly interact with matter, creating new quasiparticles called polaritons. Introduction to tubular microcavities miniaturization and integration are hot research topics in modern optics and related. Also, new science results from radiationpressure coupling of optical and mechanical degreesoffreedom in the resonators themselves. Watson laboratory of applied physics, california institute of technology, pasadena, california 91125, usa. Ultrasensitive detection of changes of refractive index. Optical trapping in 1d mesoscopic photonic crystal microcavities.
At the end of the 20th century, microcavities have attracted attention due to the discovery of a strong excitonlight coupling regime allowing for the formation of superposition lightmatter quasiparticles. Mech anical and optical tunability of pms not only adds new functionalities to micro cavitybased optical. Coherent frequency generators are an enabling platform in basic science and applied technology. Labelfree, singlemolecule detection with optical microcavities. High sensitivity nanoparticle detection using optical microcavities tao lu a,b,1,2, hansuek leea,1, tong chena, steven herchakb, jihun kima, scott e.
May 21, 2001 the artificial resonances of dielectric optical microcavities can be used to enhance the detection sensitivity of evanescentwave optical fluorescence biosensors to the binding of a labeled analyte to a biospecific monolayer. That is, the normal is along the radius, the line joining the centre of curvature of the mirror to the point of incidence. Physics and device applications of optical microcavities. The dielectric microstructures act as ultrahigh q factors optical cavities, which modify the spontaneous emission rates and alter the spatial distributions of the input and output radiation. Laser scanning cytometry was used to identify the labeled cells and study the mechanism of labeling. Full light confinement in mesoscopic photonic crystal membranes, forming a mesoscopic selfcollimating 1d fabryperot cavity, was theoretically predicted and experimentally verified by the authors in previous papers. Highcontrast alloptical bistable switching in photonic. Apr 12, 2011 high sensitivity nanoparticle detection using optical microcavities tao lu, a, b, 1, 2 hansuek lee, a, 1 tong chen, a steven herchak, b jihun kim, a scott e. This means that the electron and hole pairs which make them up are separated to opposite sides of the thin layers in which they are formed. Nonlinear optics in ultrahighq whisperinggallery optical. The raman process has also been shown numerically to influence the soliton pumping efficiency.
Devices based on optical microcavities are already indispensable for a wide range of. For ri detection some architectures including optical microcavities 7, antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides arrows 8,9, optical ring resonators 101112 and photonic crystals. In this paper, we discuss the prospect of coupling a single optical mode of a photonic crystal microcavity to the singleexciton 1x level of a semiconductor quantum dot. Tunable resonant optical microcavities by selfassembled. The rapid development of microfabrication and assembly of nanostructures has opened up many opportunities to miniaturize structures that confine light, producing unusual and extremely interesting optical properties. Benson 2, phillip sewell2 1school of radiophysics, v. N2 the sagnac effect in rotating microcavities is studied theoretically and numerically.
We present a study on the design, growth and optical characterization of a ganalgan microcavity for the enhancement of second order non linear effects. Pdf highquality factor optical microcavities using. Optical micro and nanocavities underpin many of the major developments in current photonic science and technology. In this paper, for the first time, we demonstrate the package technology for the microcavity coupling system to promote the development of the microcavity based practical. Optical microcavities, which confine light to small volumes by resonant circulation in a dielectric medium, play an indispensable role in a wide range of applications and fundamental studies 20. Overview a whispering gallery mode wgm is a type of electromagnetic wave that travels. The frequency shift due to the sagnac effect occurs as a thresholdlike phenomenon for the angular velocity in a rotating microcavity. Department of physics, massachusetts institute of technology, cambridge, massachusetts 029 received 2 june 2003. Osa theory and measurement of the soliton selffrequency. Devices based on optical microcavities are already indispensable for a wide range of appl. Nonlinear photoniccrystal microresonators offer unique fun. Aug 14, 2003 optical microcavities confine light to small volumes by resonant recirculation.
Originally reliant on highpower lasers, recently comb generation has been demonstrated in ultrahigh q microcavities. Given the sheer diversity of materials, wavelengths, cavity configurations, and applications being investigated, the organised overview provided by dr. Using total internal reflection from a dielectric interface or a photonic band gap in a periodic system, these photonic structures do not rely on conventional metalcoated mirrors to confine. Highcontrast alloptical bistable switching in photonic crystal microcavities mehmet fatih yanik and shanhui fana ginzton laboratory, stanford university, stanford, california 94305 marin soljac. The name microcavity stems from the fact that it is often only a few micrometers thick, the spacer layer. Photonic molecules made of matched and mismatched microcavities. Nanoscale lasers with optical microcavities by junseok heo a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy electrical engineering in the university of michigan 2011 doctoral committee. Here, two schemes are presented to implement two universal quantum controlled gates, that is, the two. By building semiconductor microcavities across which we can apply a voltage, polaritons can be polarised.
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